| Temperature Range |
18-26°C (terminal areas) 10-35°C (hangars) |
20-24°C (patient areas) 18-22°C (operating rooms) |
18-28°C (stations) 15-30°C (tunnels) |
16-28°C (offices) 10-40°C (technical zones) |
| Humidity Control |
40-60% RH ±10% tolerance |
30-60% RH ±5% precision control |
40-70% RH ±15% tolerance |
30-70% RH Variable by zone |
| Air Change Rate |
6-12 ACH (terminals) 4-8 ACH (offices) |
15-25 ACH (operating rooms) 6-12 ACH (patient wards) |
10-20 ACH (platforms) 6-15 ACH (control rooms) |
4-20 ACH Application-dependent |
| Airflow Velocity |
0.15-0.25 m/s (occupied zones) 0.5-1.0 m/s (jet diffusers) |
0.12-0.18 m/s (patient areas) 0.25-0.35 m/s (laminar flow) |
0.2-0.5 m/s (platforms) 3-8 m/s (emergency extraction) |
0.15-0.3 m/s (offices) 0.5-2.0 m/s (industrial) |
| Filtration Standards |
G4 + F7 (pre + medium) Optional F9 for VIP areas |
G4 + F7 + H13/H14 HEPA ISO Class 5-7 cleanrooms |
G4 + F7 (standard) F9 for control rooms |
G4 to H14 Application-specific |
| Noise Levels |
≤58 dB(A) (public areas) ≤50 dB(A) (VIP lounges) |
≤55 dB(A) (patient wards) ≤48 dB(A) (operating rooms) |
≤60 dB(A) (platforms) ≤55 dB(A) (control rooms) |
≤60 dB(A) (offices) ≤75 dB(A) (industrial) |
| Pressure Control |
Neutral to slight positive ±2 Pa tolerance |
+5 to +15 Pa (sterile zones) -5 to -15 Pa (isolation rooms) |
Neutral (stations) Negative (tunnels) |
Zone-dependent ±5 Pa precision |
| Energy Recovery |
50-60% thermal efficiency Plate/rotary heat exchangers |
60-70% thermal efficiency Run-around coil systems |
45-55% thermal efficiency Heat pipe technology |
50-70% thermal efficiency Multiple technologies |
| Fire Safety |
EN 12101-3 smoke extraction Fire dampers at penetrations |
Fire-rated ductwork Automatic shutdown sequences |
EN 12101-3 certified Bidirectional jet fans |
Application-specific Full compliance portfolio |
| System Redundancy |
N+1 for critical zones Automatic failover |
N+1 minimum (operating rooms) 2N for critical care |
N+1 for all systems Manual override capability |
N to 2N Risk-based design |
| Control Systems |
BACnet/Modbus integration Centralized BMS monitoring |
Medical-grade BMS Pressure/temp alarms |
SCADA integration Real-time monitoring |
Unified BMS platform Multi-protocol support |
| Maintenance Access |
24/7 scheduled maintenance Modular component design |
Hot-swappable filters Minimal disruption protocols |
Night maintenance windows Redundant operation during service |
Flexible scheduling Predictive maintenance |